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@ -20,7 +20,19 @@ some unnecessary output is printed in the ~*Python*~ buffer. Adding ~:results
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output~ to a code block will minimize that noise.
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output~ to a code block will minimize that noise.
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#+END_COMMENT
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#+END_COMMENT
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* Preparing our data
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* Overview
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** To get CSV data from a table in a scanned pdf document:
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*
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#+BEGIN_SRC shell
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python -m table_ocr.prepare_pdfs /tmp/example-1/example-1.pdf /tmp/example-2/example-2.pdf > /tmp/pdf-images.txt
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cat /tmp/pdf-images.txt | grep .png | xargs -I{} python -m table_ocr.extract_tables {}
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find /tmp -iregex ".*example.*table.*\.png" 2>/dev/null | xargs -I{} python -m table_ocr.extract_cells_from_table {}
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find /tmp -iregex ".*example.*cells.*\.png" 2>/dev/null | xargs -I{} python -m table_ocr.ocr_image {}
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#+END_SRC
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* Preparing data
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** Converting PDFs to images
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** Converting PDFs to images
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Not all pdfs need to be sent through OCR to extract the text content. If you can
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Not all pdfs need to be sent through OCR to extract the text content. If you can
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@ -168,6 +180,20 @@ cv2.imwrite("resources/examples/example-table.png", image)
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 500px :height 100%
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 500px :height 100%
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table.png]]
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table.png]]
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** Improving accuracy
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It's likely that some images will contain tables that aren't accurately
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recognized by the code above. The code will then need to be made more robust.
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But how will we know that changes to the code don't break the detection of
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tables that were previously detected?
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It might be good to add some type of test suite in the future that contains a
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spec that matches a pdf with the pages and pixel coordinates of the detected
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tables. The coordinates would need to have a range. Something like
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"example-1.pdf, page-2.png, [450:470, 200:210, 800:820, 1270:1290]" where the
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elements of the list are valid x, y, w, h ranges. So the test will pass if if
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the x, y, width and height are anywhere in that range.
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* OCR tables
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* OCR tables
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Find the bounding box of each cell in the table. Run tesseract on each cell.
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Find the bounding box of each cell in the table. Run tesseract on each cell.
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@ -175,7 +201,7 @@ Print a comma seperated output.
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We'll start with an image shown at the end of the previous section.
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We'll start with an image shown at the end of the previous section.
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*** Blur
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** Blur
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Blurring helps to make noise less noisy so that the overall structure of an
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Blurring helps to make noise less noisy so that the overall structure of an
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image is more detectable.
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image is more detectable.
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@ -205,7 +231,7 @@ cv2.imwrite("resources/examples/example-table-blurred.png", blurred)
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 500px :height 100%
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 500px :height 100%
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table-blurred.png]]
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table-blurred.png]]
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*** Threshold
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** Threshold
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We've got a bunch of pixels that are gray. Thresholding will turn them all
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We've got a bunch of pixels that are gray. Thresholding will turn them all
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either black or white. Having all black or white pixels lets us do morphological
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either black or white. Having all black or white pixels lets us do morphological
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@ -237,7 +263,7 @@ cv2.imwrite("resources/examples/example-table-thresholded.png", img_bin)
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 500px :height 100%
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 500px :height 100%
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table-thresholded.png]]
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table-thresholded.png]]
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*** Finding the vertical and horizontal lines of the table
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** Finding the vertical and horizontal lines of the table
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Note: There's a wierd issue with the results of the example below when it's
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Note: There's a wierd issue with the results of the example below when it's
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evaluated as part of an export or a full-buffer evaluation. If you evaluate the
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evaluated as part of an export or a full-buffer evaluation. If you evaluate the
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@ -270,7 +296,7 @@ cv2.imwrite("resources/examples/example-table-lines.png", mask)
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 500px :height 100%
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 500px :height 100%
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table-lines.png]]
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table-lines.png]]
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*** Finding the contours
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** Finding the contours
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Blurring and thresholding allow us to find the lines. Opening the lines allows
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Blurring and thresholding allow us to find the lines. Opening the lines allows
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us to find the contours.
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us to find the contours.
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@ -334,7 +360,7 @@ bounding_rects = [b for b in bounding_rects if b is not largest_rect]
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cells = [c for c in bounding_rects]
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cells = [c for c in bounding_rects]
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#+END_SRC
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#+END_SRC
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*** Sorting the bounding rectangles
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** Sorting the bounding rectangles
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We want to process these from left-to-right, top-to-bottom.
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We want to process these from left-to-right, top-to-bottom.
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@ -445,7 +471,7 @@ cv2.imwrite("resources/examples/example-table-cell-1-1.png", cell_images_rows[1]
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 200px :height 100%
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 200px :height 100%
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table-cell-1-1.png]]
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table-cell-1-1.png]]
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*** Cropping each cell to the text
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** Cropping each cell to the text
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OCR with Tesseract works best when there is about 10 pixels of white border
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OCR with Tesseract works best when there is about 10 pixels of white border
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around the text.
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around the text.
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@ -487,7 +513,22 @@ cv2.imwrite("resources/examples/example-table-cell-1-1-cropped.png", image)
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 200px :height 100%
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 200px :height 100%
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table-cell-1-1-cropped.png]]
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[[file:resources/examples/example-table-cell-1-1-cropped.png]]
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*** OCR each cell
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#+HEADER: :post html-image-size(text=*this*, width="200px")
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#+BEGIN_SRC python :noweb no-export :results raw :exports both
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import cv2
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<<crop-to-text>>
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image = cv2.imread("/tmp/example-1/cells/001-002.png", cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
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image = crop_to_text(image)
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cv2.imwrite("/tmp/example-1/cells/001-002-cropped.png", image)
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"/tmp/example-1/cells/001-002-cropped.png"
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS:
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#+ATTR_HTML: :width 200px :height 100%
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[[file:/tmp/example-1/cells/001-002-cropped.png]]
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** OCR each cell
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If we cleaned up the images well enough, we might get some accurate OCR!
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If we cleaned up the images well enough, we might get some accurate OCR!
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@ -723,7 +764,7 @@ def main(f):
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cell_filename = "{:03d}-{:03d}.png".format(i, j)
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cell_filename = "{:03d}-{:03d}.png".format(i, j)
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path = os.path.join(cell_img_dir, cell_filename)
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path = os.path.join(cell_img_dir, cell_filename)
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cv2.imwrite(path, cell)
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cv2.imwrite(path, cell)
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print(cell_filename)
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print(path)
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<<extract-cells-from-table>>
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<<extract-cells-from-table>>
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